Welfare keywords

There are some complicated words and acronyms throughout this blog. Here’s an explainer of what some of those terms mean.

Work Capability Assessment (WCA)

The WCA is a test that the DWP uses to assess people’s capability for work or work-related activities. People are tested on whether they can complete certain activities and need specific amount of points for different outcomes.

Fit for Work (FFW)

Fit for Work (FFW) is one of the three outcomes to a WCA. It means you get no entitlement to extra amounts of Universal Credit and/or Employment Support Allowance, and you need to look for work. 

Limited Capability for Work (LCW)

Limited Capability for Work (LCW) is one of the three outcomes to a WCA. It means you cannot work now, but are deemed as able to engage with work preparation (i.e. cv writing, courses, etc). You need to complete “Work prep” in order to receive your UC or ESA in full, and if you do not fulfill it, then you can be sanctioned. People in this group also do not receive the extra amounts of UC/ESA. 

Limited Capability for Work Related Activities (LCWRA)

Limited Capability for Work Related Activities (LCWRA) is one of the outcomes of the WCA. It means you do not have to look for work nor prepare for work, and you receive a higher rate of UC/ESA.

LCWRA mobilising activity

This activity assesses the ability to move around and is satisfied if a claimant cannot move more than 50 metres safely and repeatedly on level ground without needing to stop, taking account of the use of aids such as a manual wheelchair, crutches or walking stick which are normally or could reasonably be used.

LCW Getting About Descriptor

This activity assesses the ability to travel without support from another person as a result of disorientation; or of agoraphobia causing fear of travelling unaccompanied by another person. Specified places with which a person is familiar include locations in their local area such as the GP surgery, dentist, bank, post office, local shops etc. 

LCWRA Substantial Risk criteria

A claimant can be treated as having limited capability for work-related activity (LCWRA) if, by reason of their health condition or disability, there would be a substantial risk to the health of the claimant or others were the claimant found not to have LCWRA. The provision can only come into play if a claimant has been found to have LCW but then fails to satisfy any of the LCWRA descriptors.

Open-ended sanction

Claimants receive their benefit payments on the condition that they fulfil their claimant commitments. Claimant commitments are rules or actions that DWP expect claimants to fulfil, which can be anything from seeing their work coach x times per week to applying for jobs. A sanction is an action by the DWP, when they reduce or stop someone’s benefit payment for a period of time. People get sanctioned when they do not fulfil their claimant commitments. An open-ended benefit sanction is a sanction that applies for as long as the claimant does not fulfil their claimant commitment (i.e., attending specific meetings or interviews).

Standard allowance

Standard allowance is determined by the certain characteristics of the household. Single claimants or joint claimants, under or over the age of 25, will receive different amounts but they are the same for each group.

The LCWRA element is an additional money that specific benefit claimants receive, when they get found as having LCWRA after their WCA.

What’s changing?

Work Capability Assessment

To begin with, the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) have decided to reform specific aspects of the Work Capability Assessment (WCA). They have justified the changes by saying that certain barriers to work have diminished since homeworking has become more common. However, homeworking is not as common or accessible as they have implied that it is, and homeworking still poses barriers for many people living with severe mental illness. If someone is too unwell for work in general, then many will likely be too unwell for homeworking as well. People who are seriously unwell need holistic support that includes a compassionate benefits system – not unnecessary pressure to work.  

Here are the key points to know about the changes to the WCA and please note that any changes to the WCA assessment itself will not happen before 2025.  

• The DWP will be introducing a “Chance to Work Guarantee” to existing Limited Capability for Work Related Activities (LCWRA) claimants, which allows people to work without it affecting their LCWRA status and benefits entitlement. The DWP also said that they will not be reassessing people currently with LCWRA status, unless the claimant self-reports a change of circumstances to the DWP or if they are suspected of fraud. We support the commitment to stop reassessments for people currently with LCWRA status, because we know that it can cause severe distress and uncertainty for people who are seriously unwell. However, this should apply to anyone with LCWRA status – now and in the future. 
• The LCWRA mobilising activity will be removed from the assessment, as they state that homeworking can help people overcome this barrier to work. We do not agree with this approach. Many people living with mental illness experience difficulties with this due to extreme fatigue as an example, and homeworking would not improve this for many people. In addition, the points awarded from the Limited Capability for Work (LCW) Getting About descriptor will be reduced. We do not agree that this should be reduced as it could make it more difficult for people to achieve the points they need to show that they cannot engage with work-related activities due to ill-health.  
• The LCWRA Substantial Risk criteria will be amended to specify the circumstances and serious mental health conditions for which LCWRA risk should apply. The DWP have said that they will work with clinicians to work out this criteria and process. We are concerned about this change as the criteria should not become narrower, however this could be an opportunity for the DWP to include all factors related to severe mental illness.  

While we oppose some changes and support some in principle, we know that the WCA is fundamentally flawed and should not be partly reformed. The whole approach to assessing work capability needs to be fully re-designed and all reforms should be led by the voice of lived experience.

Back to Work Plan

The government is focussed on getting people back into work, particularly people living with long-term sickness or disability. Here are some of the main points from the plan.  

• The DWP will start by trialling Additional Jobcentre Support on people who continue to be out of work or earning low wages, after 7 weeks of Universal Credit (UC). This means that more people will have to engage with work coaches after 7 weeks of receiving UC.  
• They are also extending and expanding the Restart programme, which will deliver intensive employment support for people who have been on UC for 6 months or more.  
• If UC claimants continue to be out of work after 12 months in the Restart programme, they will have to participate in a “claimant review point”. This essentially means that a work coach will decide what other conditions or employment pathways (i.e., mandatory work placements) the claimant must comply with and fulfil. If the claimant refuses the outcome of the claimant review point, then their UC claim will be closed. This measure will be slowly rolled out from 2024 on. We fully oppose this measure as sanctions not only are counterproductive with getting people into and staying in work, but they also cause severe distress to claimants living with severe mental illness.  
• The DWP will also close claimants’ UC claims if they have been on an open-ended sanction for more than 6 months, thereby losing access to other benefits like free NHS prescriptions or legal aid. Please note: this action will only affect people who only receive the standard allowance of UC, not people who receive additional elements such as the Limited Capability for Work-Related Activity (LCWRA) element. For example, if you are single and over 25 years old, your monthly standard allowance is £368.74 per month, and if you have LCWRA, then you receive an additional £390.06 per month. In this example, the DWP would not close your UC claim if you have been on an open-ended sanction for more than 6 months. However, if you only received the UC standard allowance, but none of the elements, then they could close your UC claim if you were on an open-ended sanction for over 6 months.  
• The DWP will also begin tracking benefit claimants’ attendance to job fairs and interviews by using digital tools, which can affect someone’s claimant commitments and subject them to sanctions.  

Some people cannot work because they are seriously unwell and should be able to rely on our benefits system. There are also some people who feel well enough for work and want to work, and they should be offered the best quality support that will help them reach their goal. This is why we were happy to hear that Individual Placement and Support (IPS) services will be expanded to support an additional 100,000 people.  

IPS is a helpful employment support service scheme that helps people living with severe mental illness find quality, paid work. The service can be provided by local authorities, the NHS, charities like us, and others. It is completely voluntary, meaning you do not have to use the service if you don’t want to. However, if you want some personalised support, then IPS can help you find a job that best suits you and that you would enjoy. They also provide support to service-users once they are in work, as well as offer support to the employer to ensure that they know how to best support their new employee.

We feel that amongst the difficult news regarding the benefits system, this was one of the announcements that provided some hope. While it does not compensate for the stress caused by the changes in the benefits system, it is good to hear that more people will have access to this type of service if they are interested and ready.

Benefit rates – what’s changed?

We were also relieved to hear that working-age benefits will increase by 6.7% starting on 8 April 2024, to be in line with inflation. We hope that this can provide some relief during the cost-of-living crisis. The table below shows how much benefits like UC and Personal Independence Payment will be starting in April 2024. While we were relieved to hear that benefits are going to increase, we know that it won’t be enough to help many people pay for their essentials like food, utilities, and housing. This is why the government should introduce an Essentials Guarantee in our benefits system, which would ensure that benefit levels are continuously sufficient to help people to pay for their essentials. We will continue to fight for this and support the Joseph Rowntree Foundation and The Trussell Trust Joint Campaign – Guarantee Our Essentials.

Universal Credit – Standard Allowance

Household	Current monthly standard allowance	New monthly standard allowance
Single and under 25	£292.11	£311.68
Single and 25 or over	£368.74	£393.46
Live with your partner and both under 25	£458.51 (for you both)	£489.23 (for you both)
Live with your partner and either of you are 25 or over	£578.82 (for you both)	£617.60 (for you both)

Universal Credit – LCWRA element example

Current monthly rate	New monthly standard allowance
£390.06	£416.19

Personal Independence Payment

Daily Living Part	Current weekly rate	New weekly rate
Lower weekly rate	£68.10	£72.66
Higher weekly rate	£101.75	£108.57
Mobility part	Current weekly rate	New weekly rate
Lower weekly rate	£26.90	£28.70
Higher weekly rate	£71.00	£75.76

Final thoughts

We understand that these changes can be complex and upsetting. Please remember that many of the changes won’t be immediate and we will continue to work towards a better and more compassionate benefits system. If you feel need further information or support regarding money and benefits, please check out our Mental Health and Money Advice service.

In 2006, I was assessed by a mental health professional because I was in an extremely dark place where I tried to end my life. There were voices in my head that were very strong and overwhelming. I had a doctor’s appointment where I was told I had borderline schizophrenia.

A week later, I was arrested for threatening to kill my Mum. When I got arrested, the police asked me if I had any mental health issues, so I told them about my diagnosis of schizophrenia the week before. They then came back half an hour later and accused me of lying about my recent diagnosis. I told them to ring my Mum and partner, who would both tell them that I was in fact telling the truth. The policeman did exactly that and came back to inform me that this had happened.

I made a little safety booklet for when I’m next in a low place.

I was in and out of services until 2018, when I had a psychotic breakdown. After this, I was reassessed. They told me that my new diagnosis was emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) with psychotic episodes and compulsive components. After the assessment, I was put in touch with the Recovery College. At first, I wasn’t keen on the idea at all but I persevered and well… I actually learnt a lot!

I did a couple of courses at the Recovery College. After attending the ‘wellness planning’ course, I soon learnt that recovery isn’t going to happen overnight. Recovery is a long winding road, not a straight road like I had thought or wished.

I did another course called ‘safety planning’ which was quite a hard one because we were talking about times in crisis. I made a little safety booklet for when I’m next in a low place. In ‘goals setting’, I learnt that the best thing was to set small, more achievable goals.

It’s not going to beat me, I’m going to beat it!

This experience led me onto starting a blog, where I write and talk about mental health and my personal journey. I’ve found this to be very empowering and helpful with my own recovery. I’ve also come up with a little saying that I like to repeat to myself: ‘it’s not going to beat me, I’m going to beat it!’

I then found out about a therapy called Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT). This type of therapy has proven to be very beneficial for people who have a personality disorder diagnosis. I’ve been chasing DBT down for 2 years now, and I can finally say that I’ve gained a spot with Norfolk and Waveney Mind to start it. So, it’s time for me to learn more tools and become an even better me. This is just the next chapter in my mental health journey.